Pugwash is the name of a fishing village in Canada, and a commitment to peace. The one that in July 1957, at the height of the Cold War, took twenty-two scientists who gathered here for the first of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs. At their head was the mathematician and philosopher Bertrand Russell, who two years earlier, on 9 July 1955, had presented in London's Caxton Hall the Russell and Einstein Manifesto in which the philosopher and physicist (who died in April, but after signing it) called on the world to renounce war.